Grade 7 Drama Puppetry

What is an in-text reference?

A parenthetical reference is a reference within the body of your paper to one of the sources listed in your Works Cited list. It indicates to your reader exactly what you derived from the source, and specifically where they can find it. You need to write a parenthetical, or "in-text" reference, whether you quote the material directly from the source, paraphrase it in your own words, or refer to an idea derived from the material.

Should We Use Stem Cells to Cure Diseases?

 

By Susan Merrick 13A

 

Our bodies have many different types of cells but most start as stem cells. According to Britannica, these stem cells have the information to develop into the different types of cells, such as muscle, nerve or blood cells.  Scientists have found that they can use stem cells from human embryos to help people who have certain diseases, such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes.  It further states that the research done with these embryos is of concern to people around the world because many see it as wrong to experiment on an embryo, which could have grown into a human being.  Other people think that it is more important to find a cure for diseases (“Stem Cell”).  I am unsure about the use of stem cell research.

 

In the National Parkinson’s Foundation publication, Stem Cell Research, it is explained that stem cells can come from embryos, or are made by cloning or copying cells.  They can also come from adults.  Stems cells from embryos can grow into all types of cells found in our bodies but those taken from adults are only found in small numbers and cannot grow into all the cell types (Stem Cell Research 1).   The Britannica article confirms that scientists think that stem cells can be instructed to grow into whatever cell they would like, such as a liver cell.  If they could grow enough and those cells were viable, then they could be transplanted into a person whose liver didn’t work properly (“Stem Cell”).

 

There is a lot that scientists do not understand about stem cells and so they are continuing their research.  Anne Rooney in her book, Medicine: Stem Cells, Genes, and Super-beams, states that in some areas of medicine stem cell research has led to breakthroughs such as the first medical use of stem cells, in the treatment of leukemia using bone marrow (Rooney 11).  For other diseases, the research continues.  The National Parkinson’s Foundation publication reports that researchers hope to find a way of getting a stem cell to become a dopamine-producing cell.  So far, they have not succeeded and it will probably be 5 to 10 years before trials using stem cells for Parkinson’s may take place (Stem Cell Research 2).   

 

Works Cited

Rooney, Anne. Medicine: Stem Cells, Genes, and Super-beams. Oxford, Heinemann, 2006.

"Stem Cell." Britannica School, Oct. 2015, school.eb.co.uk/levels/intermediate/article/544349. Accessed 27 Sept. 2016.

Stem Cell Research. National Parkinson's Foundation, 2008. National Parkinson's Foundation, www.parkinson.org/‌Search-Pages/‌Search.aspx? pKeywords=stem%20cell.

     Accessed 23 Sept. 2016.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Britannica Image Quest

Britannica Images may require a username/password at home: global / britannica

Using the picture to the right as an example, do the following:

1. For a photograph, map, line drawing, graph or chart, label Fig. and assign an arabic numeral (1, 2, 3...) and give a caption:  

  Fig.  1.  Harold II's (c1022-1066) Anglo-Saxon troops (left) led by armoured standard bearer and warrior with axe, confront Norman cavalryman armed with lance:1066.

(Do not use red, this is only to draw your attention to the example!)

2. If the caption of a table or illustration provides complete information about the source and the source is not cited in the text, no entry for the source in the WCL is necesssary.

3. If you are unsure, see your teacher or librarian.

 

Fig.  1.  Harold II's (c1022-1066) Anglo-Saxon troops (left) led by armoured standard bearer and warrior with axe, confront Norman cavalryman armed with lance:1066.  http://quest.eb.com/images/300_2285692